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Oxygen: A Four Billion Year History (Science Essentials), by Donald E. Canfield
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The air we breathe is twenty-one percent oxygen, an amount higher than on any other known world. While we may take our air for granted, Earth was not always an oxygenated planet. How did it become this way? Donald Canfield--one of the world's leading authorities on geochemistry, earth history, and the early oceans--covers this vast history, emphasizing its relationship to the evolution of life and the evolving chemistry of the Earth. Canfield guides readers through the various lines of scientific evidence, considers some of the wrong turns and dead ends along the way, and highlights the scientists and researchers who have made key discoveries in the field. Showing how Earth's atmosphere developed over time, Oxygen takes readers on a remarkable journey through the history of the oxygenation of our planet.
- Sales Rank: #1026496 in Books
- Published on: 2015-12-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.20" h x .60" w x 6.10" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 216 pages
Review
Winner of the 2014 ASLI Choice Award, Atmospheric Science Librarians International
One of Nature.com's Top 20 Reads for 2014
One of Science Friday's Best Science Books of 2014
"His excellent descriptions of the scientific process show how competing hypotheses, and the scientists who present them, vie for supremacy. Canfield also offers a philosophical perspective: scientific understanding provides true insight into the structure of the natural world."--Publishers Weekly
"Engaging and authoritative."--Nature
"An ecologist's ambitious, engrossing primer on the key atmospheric element, ranging from the 'great oxidation event' to photosynthesis."--Barbara Kiser, Nature
"Concise and easily read, Oxygen provides an ideal starting block for those interested in learning about Earth's O2 history and, more broadly, the function and history of biogeochemical cycles. . . . The endnotes provide valuable entries for readers who wish to explore particular points in greater depth and, in other cases, enable brief digressions for interesting personal notes without disrupting the logical thread of a given concept. And the detailed bibliography captures a vast swath of the relevant primary literature. I highly recommend Canfield's book for anyone with even a remote interest in Earth history, as O2 singularly encompasses much of what makes our planet special."--Woodward W. Fischer, Science
"Oxygen takes readers on a remarkable journey through the history of the oxygenation of our planet."--Devorah Bennu, GrrlScientist at The Guardian
"This is the sort of science writing we would all do well to read more of. . . . Engage[s] with the ambiguity of a world where evidence is imperfect, knowledge evolves, and mistakes can be made in interpreting the data."--Ian Scheffler, Los Angeles Review of Books
"Oxygen: A Four Billion Year History will be an entertaining and informative read, however, for anyone with a serious interest in the long-term history of the Earth: students contemplating working in the area and specialists in related disciplines as well as engaged general readers."--Danny Yee, Danny Reviews
"Written as an accessible introduction, with anecdotes sprinkled throughout, bringing the scientists' personalities to life. . . . It would make a solid overview for any university biology or geology student."--Wade M. Lee, Library Journal
"Scientific understanding of the role of oxygen in the ancient oceans and atmosphere has taken major steps forward only recently; this book . . . is written by a man who made significant contributions to this new understanding. Canfield wrote a seminal paper on ancient ocean chemistry and has spent his career studying the geochemistry of lakes and oceans. . . . To make the discussion more accessible to nonscientists, the technical portions of the discussion are provided as notes at the end of the book."--Choice
"Given the complexity and breath of the material, the narrative has a light touch and is scattered with anecdotes about the scientists and adventures involved in the story, giving a real sense of the human endeavor. As well as the fascinating subject matter itself, the overriding impression is one of exhilaration and sheer enjoyment in pursuing this most fundamental, yet challenging, of scientific quests. Highly recommended."--Chemistry World
"Canfield shows us how his science is done, and weaves together molecular biology, geology, geochemistry to tell this history of the air we breathe."--David L. Kirchman, Key Reporter
From the Back Cover
"With humor and humanity, Oxygen captures the excitement of scientific discovery and describes the amazing natural history of how Earth's oxygenated atmosphere came to be."--Ed DeLong, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
"A fascinating, accessible tour through the history of atmospheric oxygen, written by one of the world's top geobiologists. Canfield takes the reader from the anaerobic early Archean Earth up through the modern highly oxygenated environment, providing pointers to the relevant scientific literature along the way. Even experts in this field will learn things from his book."--James Kasting, author of How to Find a Habitable Planet
"In Oxygen, Don Canfield recounts two epics in one--the evolution of breathable air over the entirety of Earth history, and the equally engaging account of how scientists have reconstructed this history from chemical details in ancient rocks. Even those who know the story well, or think they do, will find much food for thought."--Andrew Knoll, Harvard University, author of Life on a Young Planet: The First Three Billion Years of Evolution on Earth
"Canfield takes us on a journey through the discovery of what produces oxygen, how oxygen evolved on the planet, and how that evolution influenced other aspects of planetary evolution. An enjoyable book."--Lee Kump, coauthor of The Earth System
"This is a wonderful introduction to the most important event in Earth history--the rise of oxygen in the atmosphere. Canfield shares his broad and deep grasp of the field, his research leadership, his respect and admiration for the work of others, and his excitement and healthy skepticism about what we know--and still need to know."--Timothy W. Lyons, University of California, Riverside
About the Author
Donald E. Canfield is professor of ecology at the University of Southern Denmark.
Most helpful customer reviews
20 of 21 people found the following review helpful.
5 Stars for Information, 1 Star for Communication
By Roger Sweeny
I would recommend this book to geology grad students, advanced chemistry majors, the many PhDs, post-docs, and professors whose research is mentioned, and people who are willing to stop often, do some outside research, figure out exactly what the author is saying, think about how it fits with the rest of the book, and continue reading. I would not recommend it to the proverbial “intelligent layman”–even if that person had some background in chemistry and biology and geology. If you think the word diagenetic (which Canfield uses without definition) has something to do with the double helix, this book is probably not for you.
Canfield really knows his stuff. There is an awful lot here about how much oxygen was in the earth’s atmosphere when, and what processes might be responsible.
But, OMG, there are so many problems with the writing and organization. Orson Scott Card’s one star review is unfair (it is NOT easy to make all this information “entertaining and absolutely clear”) but his statement about “telling things way out of order and assuming knowledge that most readers won't have” rings true. Canfield needs to explain things early, in a way that readers can understand and use for the rest of the book. E.g.,what does it mean to say “sulfate is reduced to pyrite” and why does it matter?; what is the difference between ferrous and ferric iron and why does it matter? This one made me crazy: On pages 89 and 90 (out of 158) are a series of paragraphs about the chemistry of iron. “To understand this,” he begins, “we need to know something about the chemistry of iron (Fe).” But he’s been talking about iron reactions for a good deal of the last 89 pages–as if we not only know something about the chemistry of iron but know a lot! Why the bleep are these paragraphs more than halfway through the book?
It IS hard to write a book like this. You have to make lots of decisions about what ideas to introduce when, and how much detail to go into. Canfield has chosen poorly for people who aren’t “in the business.” Reading the epilogue, which is sort of a summary earth history, I wondered how much better the book could have been if he had started with this, suitably expanded and explained: “what I think happened”–and devoted the rest of the book to what the research says: “why I think it happened.”
19 of 23 people found the following review helpful.
Note from Publisher
By P. Treadwell
Unfortunately the rights holder to Plate 5 was not willing to grant rights to include it in the digital edition. We share the customer's frustration, but many readers who prefer Kindle to print are enjoying the book in spite of this one missing illustration.
8 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Distracted by the academic chit-chat
By Little Teacher on the Prarie
I found Canfield's obsession with inclusion of academic chit-chat and academic crediting in the text to be distracting, not endearing as he perhaps intended. I spent years in academia and I understand it is important to give out atta-boys and atta-girls, but not in the middle of the story. Save it for publication in specialist academic journals where such score keeping really matters and keep it in footnotes in a book like this aimed at a wider audience. For an example, see p. 43 and the digression on hotel repairs by his mentor Dave Des Marais.
A glossary would have been helpful, too. I've also been reading Nick Lane's book on oxygen for an overlap in coverage, which is a much more no-nonsense style of writing.
See all 27 customer reviews...
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